The majority of this year’s key tax law changes were the result of two acts – the Affordable Care Act of 2010, also known as Obamacare, and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012.
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If your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is under $ 200,000 ($ 250,000 if filing jointly), you may benefit from several tax breaks that have been extended or made permanent.
* The standard deduction for married taxpayers filing jointly is now permanently increased and expands the 15 percent tax bracket.
* The child tax credit is $ 1,000 for each child under age 17 on Dec. 31. The amount decreases at higher income levels. A portion of the credit also remains refundable through 2017. In addition, the maximum amount of expenses for the Child and Dependent Care Credit has been made permanent at $ 3,000 for one child and $ 6,000 for two or more children.
* The American Opportunity Credit, tuition deduction, student loan interest deduction, and $ 2,000 annual contribution limit to Coverdell Education Savings Accounts are still available for 2013.
* Elementary and secondary educators can again deduct up to $ 250 in related job expenses, even if you don’t itemize deductions. Unlike most employee expenses, educator expenses are not reduced by 2 percent of your adjusted gross income.
* If you pay mortgage insurance premiums, also known as private mortgage insurance (PMI), you may be able to deduct premiums as mortgage interest.
* The Alternative Minimum Tax was created to ensure wealthy taxpayers receiving large tax benefits pay some tax. It will now be adjusted for inflation each year so fewer taxpayers are subject to the tax. The exemption amount rises in 2013 to $ 51,900 ($ 80,800 for married couples filing jointly). For married individuals filing separately, the exemption is $ 40,400.
* You may qualify for a credit equal to up to $ 12,970 of your adoption expenses including fees, court costs, attorney fees, traveling expense and other expenses directly related to and for the principal purpose of the legal adoption of an eligible child. If your employer provides adoption benefits, you may also be able to exclude up to the same amount from your income. Both a credit and exclusion may be claimed for the same adoption, but not for the same expense.
* For 2013, you can still deduct state and local sales taxes. You can take this deduction or a deduction for state income tax but not both.
* Qualified dividends will be taxed at preferential capital gains rates rather than those used for ordinary income.
* If your MAGI is more than $ 200,000 ($ 250,000 if filing jointly), you may pay an additional Medicare surtax on earned income, as well as higher taxes on net investment income, long-term capital gains and qualified dividends. The amount of your personal exemptions and itemized deductions is also less starting this year. The marginal income tax rate for incomes above $ 400,000 ($ 450,000 if filing jointly) also increases from 35 percent to 39.6 percent for 2013.
* One change affecting taxpayers of all income levels is the increased floor for deducting medical expenses. Taxpayers under the age of 65 can now only deduct unreimbursed medical and dental expenses that exceed 10 percent of your adjusted gross income (AGI). The floor remains at 7.5 percent if you’re 65 or older.
Learn more about these tax law changes in Publication 17 at www.irs.gov or visit www.taxact.com/taxinfo. To file your simple or complicated federal taxes free with TaxACT Free Edition, go to www.taxact.com.